{"id":5550,"date":"2020-05-20T21:50:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T18:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ircica.org\/haberler\/ircica-webinar-on-turning-points-in-history-and-effects-of-pandemics"},"modified":"2022-02-07T11:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T08:36:46","slug":"ircica-webinari-tarihte-donum-noktalari-ve-salginlarin-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ircica.org\/tr\/faaliyetler\/konferans\/ircica-webinari-tarihte-donum-noktalari-ve-salginlarin-etkileri","title":{"rendered":"IRCICA Webinar’\u0131 \u201cTarihte D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktalar\u0131 ve Salg\u0131nlar\u0131n Etkileri\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

IRCICA\u2019n\u0131n Webinar Serisi 20 May\u0131s 2020\u2019de yap\u0131lan \u201cTarihte D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktalar\u0131 ve Salg\u0131nlar\u0131n Etkileri<\/strong>\u201d konulu toplant\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Toplant\u0131 IRCICA Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Halit Eren\u2019in konu\u015fmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc IRCICA Genel Direkt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Prof. Dr. Aboubacar Senghore yapt\u0131. Toplant\u0131da pandemi-k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar konusu iki farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan ele al\u0131nd\u0131: insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihinde salg\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fc Prof. Dr. Azmi \u00d6zcan taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi; salg\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik etkilerinin de\u011ferlendirmesi ise Prof. Dr. Sad\u0131k \u00dcnay taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in geriye kalan yar\u0131m saatlik s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00c7ad, Nijerya, Suudi Arabistan ve Tataristan\u2019dan (Rusya) gelen sorular konulara derinlik katt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Halit Eren konu\u015fmas\u0131nda i\u00e7inde bulunulan salg\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli faaliyet sekt\u00f6rlerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilere ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na de\u011findi. K\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla en fazla sekteye u\u011frayan sekt\u00f6rlerden biri oldu\u011funu, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda internet \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve etkile\u015fimler i\u00e7in sundu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z imkanlar sebebiyle bu d\u00f6nemde daha da \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olarak tarih, sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan IRCICA\u2019n\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde faaliyetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 salg\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriz ve bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele ile ilgili olabilecek konulara y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Prof. Eren IRCICA\u2019n\u0131n bu krizin \u00f6zellikle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, akademik, sanat, e\u011fitim ve sosyal boyutlar\u0131yla ilgilendi\u011fini, bu alanlardaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fbirli\u011fini ve bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini geli\u015ftirecek platformlar olu\u015fturarak k\u00fclt\u00fcr faaliyetlerin devam etmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Bu platformlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve akademik \u00e7evrelerin ortak ilgi alanlar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda ileti\u015fimini sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn birle\u015ftirici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak toplumlar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya katk\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Genel Direkt\u00f6r bu d\u00f6nemde IRCICA\u2019n\u0131n Internet \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi konferans ve e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 gibi faaliyetlerden \u00f6rnekler verdi.<\/p>\n

Mukayeseli hukuk uzman\u0131 ve diplomat Prof. Dr. Aboubacar Senghore toplant\u0131n\u0131n temas\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yaparken i\u00e7inde bulunulan krizin ciddiyetini artt\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rlerden birinin onun sebeplerinin, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131n ve muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmezli\u011fi ve belirsizli\u011fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u0130\u0130T \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bunun etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ve t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel toplum ile beraber bunun \u00fcstesinden gelmeye \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya siyas\u00ee tarihi ve Asya tarihi uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Azmi \u00d6zcan, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihinde b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Prof. \u00d6zcan olaylara y\u00f6n vermi\u015f belli ba\u015fl\u0131 salg\u0131nlardan \u00f6rnekler vererek bunlar\u0131n siyas\u00ee ve din\u00ee tarih bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6neme i\u015faret etti. Toplumlar\u0131n salg\u0131nlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tav\u0131r ve tepkilerine, \u00f6zellikle salg\u0131nlar\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc kaderin sorgulanmas\u0131na dair \u00f6rneklere yer verdi. MS 156 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da ba\u015f g\u00f6steren salg\u0131n Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6kertmi\u015fti. 541 tarihindeki J\u00fcstinyen Vebas\u0131n\u0131n Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na ve Orta \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. 1346\u2019da ba\u015flayan Kara Veba Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yok etmi\u015fti. Bu salg\u0131ndan temizlik kurallar\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine dair a\u011f\u0131r dersler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kolera salg\u0131n\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndaki grip salg\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n hepsi k\u0131talar \u00fczerine yay\u0131larak kitlesel \u00f6l\u00fcmlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130spanyol Gribi olarak bilinen, 1918\u2019deki grip Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Avrupa ve \u00e7evreleyen k\u0131talara yay\u0131ld\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131ndaki Asya Gribi d\u00fcnyaya \u00c7in\u2019den yay\u0131ld\u0131. 1968\u2019deki Hong Kong Gribi d\u00f6rt milyon ki\u015finin hayat\u0131na mal oldu. 1976\u2019da ba\u015flayan HIV salg\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyada 40 milyon ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu. Prof. \u00d6zcan ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerinin bunlar\u0131n neticelerinin ne kadar geni\u015f ve derin olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirtti. Bunlardan, \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131n ve tedbirlerin tesirlerinin neler olabilece\u011fine dair fikir al\u0131nabilmektedir; sosyal mesafe kural\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi, gibi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki salg\u0131n\u0131n da kesinlikle bir\u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan, tarihin seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek kadar tesirlidir.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ve ekonomi uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Sad\u0131k \u00dcnay, krizin ekonomi ve y\u00f6netimle ilgili etkileri \u00fczerinde durdu. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131nda bile bug\u00fcnk\u00fcler boyutunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve ekonomik faaliyetin b\u00f6ylesine durma noktas\u0131na geli\u015finin ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz krizinde \u00fclkeler n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in tah\u0131l ve di\u011fer g\u0131da maddelerinin ve temel mallar\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131 durdurmu\u015f veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krizin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri korumac\u0131 politikalar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur; bir t\u00fcr yeni ekonomik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkeler ekonomilerini i\u015fler tutabilmek i\u00e7in maliye politikas\u0131 paketleri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yeni bir Keynes\u2019ci d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim maliyetleri sebebiyle enflasyon h\u0131zlar\u0131 y\u00fckselmektedir. \u0130\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 her yerde artmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015ftan dezavantajl\u0131 onumda bulunan geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler ve bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0130\u0130T \u00fclkeleri, bir \u00e7\u0131kmazla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yalar. Salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka problem de a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 elinde bulunduracak \u00fclkelerin tekelci konumu olacakt\u0131r. Prof. \u00dcnay bu zorlu d\u00f6nemlerde, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011finin gittik\u00e7e daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmalardan sonra Prof. Senghore, serbest ticaretin, turizmin ve sanayiin durma noktas\u0131na gelmesiyle toplumlar\u0131n ba\u015ftan sona etkilendi\u011fini belirterek meseleleri derinlemesine anlaman\u0131n her zamankinden fazla \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti. Bundan sonra toplant\u0131y\u0131, izleyenlerin sorular\u0131na a\u00e7t\u0131. Soru-cevap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015fu hususlar vurguland\u0131:<\/p>\n